Whole



110,111,726. PATBNTBD MAR. 19, 1361. VI'. MARTIN. m1211011.

SHEETS-SHEET a.

No. 31,726. l PATBNTBD MAR. 19, ,1861.

F. MAMIN. ANGHOE.

No. 31,726. PATENT@ MAR. 19, 1861. 1". MARTIN.

- ANGHOR.

l 5 EERSTE-SHEET 4.

rim aln A T TATENTBD MAR.19,1861.

T. MARTIN.

ANCHOR.

n suzn'rsPsmmT o.

Illllilllilllllhlllillmllllll!l IllllllI S. PAT-ENT Anchor'.- n

FERMNAND MARTIN, or MARSEILLES, FRANCEy Letters Patent-.Na 722, ddted March '19, 1.861. Patented -z'n England, August 27, 1859'.

srrozrlczmon. i.

'roALL To WHOMITMAY coNcERN: g t

Beit known, that .'I, FERDINAND MARTIN, of Marseilles, in the French Empire,

merchant, have invented anew and improved method of Forming and constructing Anchorsfand I hereby declare, that the following is a full and exact description thereof, and the drawings annexedhereto form a part of this specification, and are intended to illustrate in and render it clearly intelligible to any one acquainted -with these matters.

My anchor is composed of three main pieces, and' three or more Subordinate parts; by theform, combination, and arrangement of which, I am enabled to obtain vastly greater holding powc-'r than can berhad by any anchor I at present know;

moreover, while it acts ivith unerring certainty, from its construction, it is not only more easilyph'andled, but it avoids nearly al1 the inconveniences and defects of the present system of anchors.

The three main portions of my anchor consist of the shank, the head, and the arms. and the form, arrangement, combination, and action of these three parts constitute the peculiarity of my invention. I A

In the accompanying drawings, which are intendedl to ill-stratc my description of theform of these parts, as well as of the subordinate details, and also to show the arrangement, and the mode of combining one with another, and their action, when so combined as to formvtbe anchor, I Wish it understood, that I do not bind! myself to theiexaet outline, shape, figure, dimensions, or details, as cach of these may be varied and modifiedtc suit'particular applications, but I claim the main or governing principlcsofiorm of constructiomand of combination, by which lthc action of the anchor, as hereinafter described, vis obtained.

i i U, S. PATENTv 0rrioE,1861.-No. 722.

parts and the hereafter mentioned subordinate details.

Martr'n;s 1 mprqved A ncher.

Descn'pt'zcnfof the Drawings. I Figures l and 1 are elevations dif-fthe shank." Figure 2 is 'a side elevation of the head, showing the web portion b, the eye 11,

Athe palrns or flanges 1P Z, and the crown L.

Figure 2 is anend view ofthe same, and

Figure 2", a Section of the same, on tbeiline a: .fel ofigures 2 and 2".

Figure 3 is an elevation of the arm, orarms c, with their palms, or lukes c el. Figures* .is a section of thc same, upon 'the line y yl of figure 3. I

Figure A is an elevation of the anchor, corn-posed of the previous mentioned l Figure B is -a perspective view of the anchor, the arms and head being' in a par- Y 'ticular position, as hereinafter described. Figure C is also a perspective view of the anchor in a different position from the last. v

Figures D E F are side. elevations of the anchor, in different positions referred to in the description hereinafter. Figures 4 and 4, 5 and 5", Gand 6, 7 and 7, are elevations and plans of the details (-zfnnectedl with the anchor 8a referred to t described hereafter. Figure G is `an elevation of' the anchor, showingr a modification of the form t modeof combining and arranging the main; constituting parts,

and diil'erng somewhat from thatshown in the previous figures, as will be hereafter described. Y

Figures 9 and 9", 10 and 10, show the form of the details uncombined.

Referring again to figures 1 and 1, it will be seen that the shank at itsupper end is shouldered 'o and terminates in two cheeks a fr, which have an eye or aperture vapassing through each. Within the space between the two cheeks a a,

the head b (fig. 2) is inserted and in such a manner, that the eye L" coincides with theeycs a e of the cheeks; each face of the web portion of thehead being adjacent to one of the inncrfaces of the cheeks.v The'sliank and head being so arranged, one of the fluked ends c1 of the arm is passed through the eyes of the cheeks, and thefhcad is carried onwards until the arms take 'a central and symmetrical position about the shank, the fluked extremities beingl turned from the head, as shown in allithe different figures. In Athis position theyare firmly keyed to the head, so as to form an axis upon which, and with which it turns, or o scillates within the eyes of the cheeks. vIn order-tc allow this axial portion ofthe arm' to oscillate freely and to diminish the friction,' introduce a bearing on the under side of each eye in the cheeks; gures4 and 4 show the position of the bearing d, and the mode Vof placing und fixing it upon thecheeks.'

Upon the crown ofthe head L5, fix the buoy shackle e, (sceigures and 5,) and at the lower extremity of the shank a2, I attach the main chain shackle, (sce if figures 0 and 6*.) i The inode of attaching these two shackles will be Aeasily seen.

on comparing the Iigures with the points of attachment. In order to give a greater l'lateral stoadiness, as well as` to increase thc holding power of the anchor, I fix to thesliank, and in afplane parallel with its own, acurved, or straight arm g g',

'lntte'r.v Y Figure A is an elevation, showing 'the anchor, with all the before-named parts in v U; s. Pif-Esilessicale-615m 722.

Mori'ns Improved Anchor.

'-(gures fand 7' the mode of fixing thisiarxn tothe shank isby inserting it up'-v -to the shoulder gf,- through lthe aperture alot' the shank, then keying it firmly to the their positions,` and ready tovbe applied.

Fig-ure B is a perspective view,v showing the position the anchor takes whenv l l thrown out, and lying on the ground; no holding force acting upon it.

, K Figure Gis also aperspective view ofthe anchor, showing the position thearms take whenabout to enter the ground; a holding or pullingA force being applied at the free end of the'shank, from the main shackle.

The action of the anchor, when constructed of' the before mentioned parts, is as l follows: It will be evident from the previous description, and 'by reference to the drawings, that as thehead turns upon a centre within the cheeks of' thc shank, it will vibrate in an arc, whose length will be proportional to' the distance between the lower ends of each of its anges; for the contact of` either of theseflanges withthe shank stops the angle of vibration, or oscillation,hencc by causing these to'` .y recede, or approach each otherLtne angle of oscillation will vbe increased or diminished; in like manner, since the arms are attached and oseillate with the head,

they-will describe with it an equaland similar angle; then, the shank be held in axed position, the head and arms will turn round it in an are, as described; on

i the other hand, if the head and armsV be held in a fixed position, the shank will move through a similar and equal angle. The dotted lines in igures 1, D and E,

show the angles and arcs described bythe head and arms with the shank,when the head has the form and. dimensionsshown in the drawings. The other figures of the anchor showthe different positions also oi' the head, arms, and shank, in reference to each other. It'will be at once seen then, that if force be applied to the free ends of the shank, at the main chain shackle, the rst effect of this force will be torslightly elevate the free end of the shank; the direction ofthe force being. such as would have a tendency to drag or pull the anchor forward. The `position of the anchor, when on the ground, and about to be acted uponby such a force, is. shown in figures B and D, the arrow indicating the direction of the force; this tendency of the anchorto move in the direction of the force is, however, arrestcd by the action of the points of the {lukes entering into the ground the moment this takes place, the arms, and with them the head, describe an arc round the points of the ukes as centres, and stand at the maximum angle with the shank, the freee'nd i of which buts against thc ground, the' lower portion of the elevated flan-ge of' the head bearing against the shank at the shoulder.

The relative vpositions of tlfe variouspart's last described are shown in figures C A and E. The arms or fiukes lare now in such a position, that, if' the force be continue-r", theyI must enter the ground, and will sink fartherand deepenun'til they i take theposition sho-wn in Figure D, It will be seen that in this anchor there arc three pointsofresistance to the pulling force, namely, the resistance of I hc'vilukes of tluaarms,v and that of the point of the frec end of theshank; moreovergwhen A described herewithin. 4 y

I do not claim the invention of revolving or movable iukedY anchors,`for I am n. s; Pam omas, itself-Nb. 722.

Martns Imprved Ancior.

the anchor gets embedded, as shown `in figure F, a considerable amount of resistance is given both by the flange ofthe head and by the curved rod Figures G, 8 ands?, 9 and 9",l show a. modification. in the form of the parts, asl

well as in the arrangement, differing somewhat from the anchor, and the parts last` described.` In this case the sha-nkhlis made shouldered 'o' as before, but without I having the cheeks formed on it; having, however, an eye in the shoulder art. Thehe'ad'on the contrary is composed of vtwo parts, (see igures9 and 92) and bolted together, so as to nave a hollowspace between them; the upper part of the shank is inserted within this space, and the'arms passed through as before; hencethe only difference between the anchor so made, and the former described, being, that in the first, the headis inserted between the cheeks, while in the latter the shank is inserted between the sides forming the head.

The action of all the various parts of. this -anchor is the same as that last i aware that they were invented many yearsago. v

My improvement presents the following advantages.. First. Head: It not only performs lthe same functions, as in all other anchors of this class, viz.: limits the angle of rotation of the arms, but from its form it enters the ground and acts likea third linke; thus adding lgreatly tothe holding power of theanchnr.`

Second. Flakes These are of an entirely new form, which the inventor calls the sword form, and are the results o f numerous experiments, involving all forms of ukes, and having the following advantages: a, they enter the gro-und quickly and easily, without disturbing or loosening the ground in front of them, which every other form does: through this action the solidity of the ground around the flakes being preserved, the holding power is largely increased; b, owing totheform ofthe flakes, the arm is made of one piece, without having the iukes Welded. on, which not only increases the strength, but lessens the cost of manufacture.

Third. The Arms: Their peculiar mode of attachment to the shank, together with the form of the fiuk'es, permits the whole to be easily -and quickly taken to pieces, f:

which is not the case generally with other forms of this kind o f anchor.

Fourth. The Steadyng bar gives-to the dukes an equal penetrating power,

. while 4at the same time by its own resistance to the ground in which'it gets embedded, it increases the holding power; it also prevents the anchor from cap-4 i the steadying bar is such as to prevent the rotation or disengagement of one of sizing when the snip swings, and as in no case is the pulling. 4force on the anchor ever exerted in the line of the axis of the shank, or perpendcularly to the resistance of the flukes, (although in theory it is alwayssupposcd to do so,) the action of the lukes, which necessarily happens with all ,other anchors of this kind.

Having thus'described my invention, I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, as an improved article of manufacture?- An anchor, provided with a curved stead ying bar, sword shaped dukes, head or third fluke, and other-.vise constructed as herein shown and'described.

grappling I I U. s. 11m-rome@ 1861.-N0- V722. e v5 In Wtess whereof', I, the said FERDI'NANDYMARTIN, have to ths Specftn.' appended 'my name, this twenty-sixth day of Septemberkin the year ne thnsand i eight hunfred and mty-nine, in the presence of, .4 A

, FERDINAND MARTE?. Witnesses: 7

JAMES WRIGHT,

42 Bridge sreel, Blaclfnars, .Zo-nden, nglad. Snmm. ARCHBUTT,

42 Bvrdge Street, BZqcLfrars, Lmz'denEfhzglefrid. 

